Water is vital but increasingly threatened by population growth, industrialization, pollution, and climate change. The global population reached 8 billion in 2023, increasing water demand. Climate change worsens water scarcity, affecting 2.2 billion people annually. Solutions include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, implementing sustainable water management policies, and improving local water use efficiency. Research and innovation are crucial. AGIC5 will focus on groundwater management, climate change impacts, water treatment, and the reuse of non-conventional water .